Family Linyphiidae: Linyphiinae

 

Agyneta Hull 1911   (gender feminine)

            Type - Microneta passiva OPC 1906 = A. cauta (OPC 1902).

            SYN Argyneta Hack. 1954 (misspelling).

See Meioneta.  Like Meioneta, this genus has branched tracheae extending into the cephalothorax.  It is likely that some of the species currently listed under Meioneta are really Agyneta (RC).

                                                allosubtilis Loksa 1965.  SYN decora: Hack. 1954 (misidentification).  Hippa & Oksala 1985, Koponen 1987, A&D 1992.  PQ, NF, MB, [AB], eastern palaearctic

                                                olivacea (Em 1882).  SYN cauta: Hack. 1954 (misidentification).  Kaston 1948, Hack. 1954, Saaristo 1973, Hels. 1973a, Hippa & Oksala 1985, Koponen 1987, J,H,D&R 1988, A&D 1992.  ME, MA, MI, NH, PQ, NF, MB, [AB], palaearctic

 

Allomengea Strand 1912   (gender feminine)   (Hels. 1974)

                                                Type: Pedina cristata Menge 1866 = Allomengea scopigera (Grube 1859).  Allomengea is nomen novum for Pedina Menge 1866, preoccupied

SYN Pedina Menge 1866 (preoccupied), Mengea F.O. Pickard‑Cambridge 1903 (preoccupied, nomen novum for Pedina, preoccupied), Pedinella Dahl 1909 (preoccupied, nomen novum for Pedina, preoccupied)

                                                densisetis (Grube 1861).  SYN pinnata (Em 1915b), ontariensis Em 1925.  Blauvelt 1936, Ch&I 1947, Hels. 1974, Heimer et al. 1984, Koponen 1987, Saito 1987, A&D 1992.  NH, MA, NY, NJ, WI, MN, CO, AK, NF, NS, NB, PQ, ON, MB, SK, [AB], [BC], NT. 

                                                scopigera (Grube 1859).  SYN sitkaensis Keys. 1886.  Hels. 1974, Mill. 1984b, Roberts 1987.  AK, MB, palaearctic

                                                vidua (L.Koch 1879).  SYN warburtonii OPC 1889.  Hels. 1974, B&H 1992.  PQ, ON, [AB], palaearctic

 

Anibontes Chamberlin 1924   (gender masculine)

            Type: Anibontes mimus Ch 1924b

                                                mimus Ch 1924b.  SYN dentichelis Ch 1925.  Ivie 1969.  LA

                                                longipes Ch&I 1944.  GA

 

Anthrobia Tellkampf 1844   (gender feminine)

            Type: Anthrobia mammouthia Tellkampf 1844.

SYN Antrobia Thorell 1869 (unjustified emendation).

                                                mammouthia Tellkampf 1844.  SYN monmouthia Tellkampf 1844 (misspelling).  Em 1875, Keys. 1886, Simon 1911, Comstock 1940, Bonnet 1955.  KY

 

Aphileta Hull 1920   (gender feminine)

                                                Type: Aphileta turbatrix Hull 1920 = Aphileta misera (OPC 1882).

                                                misera (OPC 1882).  SYN turbatrix OPC 1879 (preoccupied), concavus Em 1882.  B&C 1938, Kaston 1948, Wiehle 1956, Holm 1968, 1969, H&J 1988, W,D&R 1988, J,H,D&R 1988, A&D 1992, D&R 1994.  ME, MA, CT, NY, VT, AK, PQ, ON, MB, [SK], [AB], BC, palaearctic

 

Arcuphantes Chamberlin & Ivie 1943  (gender masculine)

            Type: Arcuphantes fragilis Ch&I 1943.

                                                arcuatulus (Roewer 1942).  SYN arcuata Keys. 1886 (preoccupied).  Ch&I 1943, Platnick 1993.  WA, OR, BC

                                                cavaticus Ch&I 1943.  NV, [CA]

                                                decoratus Ch&I 1943.  UT

                                                fragilis Ch&I 1943.  Mill. 1984b.  UT

                                                pictilis Ch&I 1943.  CA

                                                potteri Ch&I 1943.  Crawford 1988.  CA, WA

                                                sylvaticus Ch&I 1943.  CA

 

Bathyphantes (Bathyphantes) Menge 1866 (Ivie 1969)  (gender masculine)

                                                Type: Linyphia gracilis Blackwall 1841.  See Bonnet (1955, p.856)

SYN Bathyphantoides Kaston 1948 (type: Diplostyla brevis Emerton 1911).

                                                alameda Ivie 1969.  CA, OR, BC

                                                alascensis (Banks 1900).  Ivie 1969.  CA, OR, WA, AK, BC

                                                alboventris (Banks 1892).  SYN albiventris Petrunk. 1911 (misspelling), albomaculatus Everly 1938 (misspelling).  L&F 1954, Ivie 1969, Rapp 1980, H&B 1994.  NY, NJ, PA, VA, WV, TN, KY, OH, IN, IL, WI, NE, ON

                                                bishopi Ivie 1969.  TN, NC

                                                brevipes (Em 1917).  Lo&G 1955, Ivie 1969, B&H 1992.  WY, CA, OR, WA, AK, NF, PQ, BC

                                                brevis (Em 1911).  Kaston 1948, Ivie 1969, A&D 1992, B&H 1992.  MA, CT, VT, NY, MI, MN, WI, AK, NF, PQ, ON, MB, [SK]

                                                canadensis (Em 1882).  SYN josephus Ch&I 1947.  Ivie 1969, Holm 1971, W,D&R 1988, A&D 1992, M,E,K&V 1993.  NY, WY, AK, PQ, ON, MB, [SK], BC, NT, Siberia.  Ivie (1969) treated B. setiger FPC 1894 from Europe as a synonym of canadensis.  Holm (1971) rejected this synonymy.

                                                castor Ch 1925.  Ivie 1969, A&D 1992.  AK, MB.  It is probable that insulanus Holm is the female of castor (Ivie 1969).  The synonymy of both castor and insulanus under B. pogonias Kulcz. 1885 by M,E,L&B (1992) is incorrect; the male palp lamella in castor is distinctly different from that in pogonias, which is more closely related to iviei Holm (see Holm 1970) (RC).

                                                chico Ivie 1969.  OR

                                                diasosnemus Fage 1929.  SYN hubbsi Ch&I 1943, diasosnemis Ivie 1969 (misspelling).  Ivie 1969, Crawford 1988.  CA, OR, WA

                                                eumenoides Holm 1967.  Ivie 1969, Koponen 1992b.  AK, LB, PQ, NT, Greenland.  See notes under simillimus.

                                                gracilis (Blackwall 1841).  Wiehle 1956, Ivie 1969, A&D 1992, H&B 1994, Koponen 1994.  AK, NF, NS, PQ, ON, MB, [SK], [AB], palaearctic.   Specimens from undisturbed habitats in MB, SK, and AB suggest Ivie (1969) was wrong in considering it introduced to North America (DJB).

                                                gulkana Ivie 1969.  AK

                                                insulanus Holm 1960b.  Ivie 1969).  AK.  See B. castor Ch.

                                                iviei Holm 1970.  AK

                                                keenii (Em 1917).  Ivie 1969, Holm 1973, Crawford 1988.  CA, OR, WA, AK, BC.  Ivie (1969) synonymized biscapus Kulcz. 1926 from Kamchatka with keenii; however, Holm (1973) synonymized biscapus with humilis (L. Koch 1879) and considered this species to be closely related to but distinct from keenii.  The synonymy of B. keenii under B. reprobus (Kulcz. 1916) by Eskov (1985) was rejected by Crawford (1988).

                                                latescens (Ch 1919).  Ivie 1969, Crawford 1988.  UT, NV, WY, ID, OR, WA

                                                malkini Ivie 1969.  CA, OR, WA, BC

                                                orica Ivie 1969.  CA, OR, WA, BC

                                                pallidus (Banks 1892).  SYN banksi Petrunk. 1911.  Kaston 1948, Drew 1967, Renault 1968, Ivie 1969, Fox & Dondale 1973, Koponen 1987, Beatty 1988, A&D 1992.  ME, RI, MA, NH, VT, CT, NY, NJ, MD, PA, VA, WV, OH, NC, KY, IN, IL, WI, MI, MN, SD, CO, AZ, ID, MT, WA, AK, NF, NS, NB, LB, PQ, ON, MB, [SK], [AB], BC, NT

                                                reprobus (Kulcz. 1916).  SYN crosbyi Em 1919a, rupestris Holm 1945.  Ivie 1969, Koponen 1987, Peck 1988, A&D 1992, M,E,K&V 1993.  ME, NY, NH, AK, PQ, ON, MB, NT, palaearctic

                                                simillimus (L.Koch 1879).  SYN inornata Em 1917 (preoccupied), emertoni Roewer 1942.  Ivie 1969, Holm 1970, 1973, A&D 1992 (as eumenis).  NY, PQ, MB, [AB], palaearctic.  Wozny & Czajka (1985) treated eumenoides and simillimus as synonyms of the palaearctic B. eumenis (L. Koch 1879), but Eskov (1988d) considered all three to be distinct species.  Most recently, M,E,K&V (1993) have reaffirmed the synonymy of eumenoides under simillimus, which was kept separate from eumenis.  RC has examined Siberian specimens of eumenis and simillimus; the females are especially distinct.

                                                umiatus Ivie 1969.  AK

                                                waneta Ivie 1969.  W,D&R 1984.  OR, WA, ID, BC

                                                yukon Ivie 1969.  AK

 

Bathyphantes (Diplostyla) Emerton 1882  (gender feminine, but species must agree with the masc. genus)

            Type: Linyphia concolor Wider 1834

SYN Stylophora Menge 1866 (preoccupied, type: Linyphia concolor Wider 1834).

While some recent literature (e.g. L,M&M 1974, Roberts 1987) gives Diplostyla full generic status, Ivie (1969) and Crawford (1988) treated Diplostyla as a subgenus of Bathyphantes, and that practice is followed here.

                                                concolor (Wider 1834).  Kaston 1948, Wiehle 1956, Ivie 1969, L,M&M 1974, Mill. 1977, W,D&R 1984, Beatty 1988.  ME, MA, CT, NY, NJ, DC, PA, OH, WY, MT, UT, [OR], WA, NF, NS, PQ, ON, [AB], BC, palaearctic

 

Bathyphantes (Magniphantes) Ivie 1969

            Type: Linyphia approximata OPC 1871

Prószy ski & Star ga (1971) transferred the type species of Magniphantes, Bathyphantes approximatus (OPC 1871), to Kaestneria, which if accepted would make Magniphantes a synonym of Kaestneria.  Since approximatus has a long spiral embolus while the Kaestneria species have a simpler embolic division, it seems unlikely that this could be correct (RC).

                                                magnificus Ch&I 1943.  Ivie 1969.  OR, WA, BC, [AK]

 

Bathyphantes (Weyerphantes) Ivie 1969

            Type: Linyphia weyeri Em 1875.

                                                weyeri (Em 1875).  Ivie 1969, B&H 1992.  PA, VA, WV, KY, AR, WI, PQ

 

Bolyphantes C.L. Koch 1837  (gender masculine)

            Type: Linyphia index Thorell 1856

                                                index (Thorell 1856).  Braend. 1946, Wiehle 1956, Holm 1967.  Greenland, palaearctic

 

Carorita Duffey & Merrett 1964  (gender feminine)

            Type: Oedothorax limnaeus C&B 1927.

Transferred from Erigoninae to Linyphiinae s.l. (Drapetiscinae) by Mill. 1984b.

                                                limnaea (C&B 1927).  Duffey & Merrett 1964, Holm 1968, L,M&M 1974, Mill. 1977, 1984b, J,H,D&R 1988, A&D 1992, B&H 1992, D&R 1994.  ME, CO, NY, PQ, ON, MB, palaearctic

 

Caviphantes Oi 1960  (gender masculine)

            Type: Caviphantes samensis Oi 1960

SYN Lessertiella Dumitrescu & Miller 1962 (type: L. dobrogica Dumitrescu & Miller 1962).

Transferred from Erigoninae to Linyphiinae s.l. by Mill. 1984b; see also Crawford 1990.

                                                saxetorum (Hull 1916).  Cooke & Merrett 1967, L,M&M 1974, Wunderlich 1979b, Roberts 1987, Crawford 1990.  OR, palaearctic

 

Centromerita F. Dahl 1912  (gender feminine)

            Type: Neriene bicolor Blackwall 1833.

                                                bicolor (Blackwall 1833).  L&M 1953, Hack. 1954, Wiehle 1956, W,D&R 1984, Crawford 1988, H&B 1994.  WA, NF, NS, BC, palaearctic.   Introduced to North America.

 

Centromerus Dahl 1886  (gender masculine)  (Hels. 1973a)

            Type: Micryphantes aequilis C.L.Koch 1841

SYN Atopogyna Millidge 1984 (type: Erigone cornupalpis OPC 1875.

                                                cornupalpis (OPC 1875).  Kaston 1948, Hels. 1973a, Mill. 1984b, Eskov and Marusik 1992c, H&B 1994.  MA, CT, NY, MI, NH, OH, IL, VI, NC, MO, WI, TN, UT, WY, NF, NS, ON

                                                denticulatus (Em 1909).  SYN claytoni Ch&I 1944.  Kaston 1948, 1977, Hels. 1973a, Coyle 1981, J,H,D&R 1988, A&D 1992, B&H 1992, D&R 1994.  ME, MA, CT, MI, NC, GA, TN, AL, PQ, ON, MB

                                                furcatus (Em 1882).  Hels. 1973a, J,H,D&R 1988.  ME, NH, PQ

                                                latidens (Em 1882).  SYN luteola Banks 1892.  Kaston 1948, Hels. 1973a.  CT, GA, TN, MO, FL, WV, KY, NY, NH, OH, AL, MD, MI, TX, NF, ON

                                                longibulbus (Em 1882).  Kaston 1948, Hels. 1973a, W,D&R 1988, J,H,D&R 1988, A&D 1992, B&H 1992, D&R 1994.  ME, MA, NH, NY, NF, PQ, ON, MB, [SK], [AB], BC

                                                persolutus (OPC 1875).  Kaston 1948, Hels. 1973a, Fox & Dondale 1973, Koponen 1987, J,H,D&R 1988, A&D 1992.  ME, NH, MA, CT, NY, MI, WI, NF, NS, PQ, ON, MB, SK

                                                sylvaticus (Blackwall 1841).  SYN quinquedentata Em 1882, latens Banks 1892.  Banks 1916, Holm 1945, Kaston 1948, Bragg & Leech 1972, Hels. 1973a, Heimer et al. 1984, Koponen 1987, A&D 1992.  MA, NH, MI, WI, CT, NY, MN, AK, NF, PQ, ON, MB, SK, AB, BC, palaearctic

                                                tennapex (Barrows 1940).  SYN tennapax Hels. 1973a (misspelling). Hels. 1973a.  NY, TN, OH

                                                sp., not named.  Hels. 1973a, Crawford 1988.  WA, [AK], BC

 

Drapetisca Menge 1866  (gender feminine)

            Type: Linyphia socialis Sundevall 1832

                                                alteranda Ch 1909.  SYN socialis: Em 1882 (misidentification).  Em 1882, Kaston 1948, L&F 1954, Drew 1967, Renault 1968, Bragg & Leech 1972, Rapp 1980, A&D 1992, B&H 1992.  CT, WI, MI, NE, [WA], AK, NB, PQ, MB, [SK], [AB], BC

                                                oteroana Gertsch 1951.  NM

 

Estrandia Blauvelt 1936  (gender feminine)

            Type: Linyphia nearctica Banks 1910

                                                grandaeva (Keys. 1886).  SYN humilis Em 1895 (preoccupied), nearctica Banks 1910, tridens Schenkel 1930.  Blauvelt 1936, Kurata 1937, Ch&I 1947, Kaston 1948, Bishop 1949, Hack. 1954, Renault 1968, W,D&R 1984, A&D 1992, B&H 1992.  ME, NH, MA, NY, VA, NC, TN, AK, NF, LB, NS, NB, PQ, ON, MB, [SK], AB, BC, NT, palaearctic

 

Eulaira Chamberlin & Ivie 1933  (gender feminine)

            Type: Eularia dela Ch&I 1933

Transferred from Erigoninae to Linyphiinae by Mill. 1984a, 1984b.

                                                altura Ch&I 1945b.  CA

                                                arctoa Holm 1960b.  Crawford 1988.  AK, WA.  Crawford (1988) considered this species misplaced, but this has subsequently proven incorrect; like the type species, E. dela, E. arctoa has simple tracheae confined to the abdomen (RC).

                                                chelata Ch&I 1939.  Ch&I 1945b.  UT

                                                dela Ch&I 1933.  Ch&I 1945b, Mill 1984b, W,D&R 1988.  UT, BC

                                                delana Ch&I 1939.  Ch&I 1945b.  OR

                                                kaiba Ch 1949.  UT

                                                mana Ch&I 1935.  Ch&I 1945b.  UT

                                                microtarsus (Em 1882).  B&C 1938, Ch&I 1945b, L&L 1951, Hack. 1954, Ivie 1967, W,D&R 1988, Crawford 1988 as Eulaira #1, B&H 1992.  NH, NY, UT, WY, CO, WA, NF, PQ, BC.  Ivie (1967) placed this species in Hillhousia (= Aphileta), but this placement was rejected by Mill. 1984a.  Our placement follows Ch&I 1945b, W,D&R 1988, and Crawford 1988.

                                                obscura Ch&I 1945b.  MT, ID.  Possibly synonymous with schediana (Crawford 1988).

                                                schediana Ch&I 1933.  Ch&I 1945b, Mill. 1984b.  UT, CO, WY, WA.   See obscura.

                                                schediana nigrescens Ch&I 1945b.  WY

                                                simplex (Ch 1919).  B&C 1938, Ch&I 1945b.  UT, CO, ID, WY, BC

                                                suspecta G&Mu 1936.  G&Da 1937, Ch&I 1945b, J&R 1974.  TX, AZ, Mexico

                                                thumbia Ch&I 1945b.  WY

                                                wioma Ch 1949.  WY

 

Florinda 0. Pickard‑Cambridge 1896  (gender feminine)

            Type: Florinda mirifica OPC 1896.

SYN Linyphiella Banks 1905 (type: Linyphia coccinea Hentz 1850).

                                                coccinea (Hentz 1850).  Blauvelt 1936, Ch&I 1944, G&Da 1946, Dorris 1985.  NC, MD, VA, GA, FL, AR, LA, TX, Mexico, West Indies

 

Frontinella F.0. Pickard‑Cambridge 1902  (gender feminine)

            Type: Linyphia laeta OPC 1898.

                                                huachuca G&Da 1946.  AZ

                                                pyramitela (Walckenaer 1841).  SYN communis Hentz 1850, pyramidea Marx 1890 (misspelling).  Blauvelt 1936, Ch&I 1944, Kaston 1948, G&Da 1946, Mill. 1984b, Crawford 1988; widespread in Canada, U.S.A., Mexico, and West Indies.  The synonymy of communis is difficult to evaluate, as the Abbot drawing on which the name pyramitela is based has not been published (RC).

 

Helophora Menge 1866  (gender feminine)

                                                Type: Linyphia pallescens Westring 1851 = Linyphia insignis Blackwall 1841.

SYN Scaptophorus Hull 1920 (type: Linyphia insignis Blackwall 1841).

                                                insignis (Blackwall 1841).  Blauvelt 1936, Kaston 1948, Hack. 1954, L&F 1954, Lo&G 1955, Wiehle 1956, Drew 1967, Renault 1968, Heimer et al. 1984, Beatty 1988, A&D 1992.  ME, NH, CT, MA, NY, NJ, OH, PA, MI, WI, MN, UT, WY, AK, NF, NS, NB, PQ, ON, MB, [SK], [AB], NT, [YT], palaearctic

                                                orinoma (Ch 1919).  SYN phylax Ch 1920. Ch&I 1933, Ivie 1969, Crawford 1988.  UT, [OR], WA

                                                reducta (Keys. 1886).  Blauvelt 1936, Ivie 1969.  OR, WA, AK, BC

                                                tunagyna Ch&I 1943.  ID

 

Jalapyphantes G&Da 1946  (gender masculine)

            Type: Jalapyphantes cuernavaca Gertsch & Davis 1946

                                                cuernavaca G&Da 1946.  J&R 1974, Mill. 1984b. AZ

 

Kaestneria Wiehle 1956  (gender feminine)

            Type: Linyphia dorsalis Wider 1834

SYN Coniphantes Ivie 1969 (type: Linyphia pullata OPC 1863).

Merrett (1963) placed pullata in Kaestneria, erected by Wiehle (1956) for dorsalis (Wider).  Ivie (1969) reduced Kaestneria to subgeneric status and created a new subgenus, Coniphantes, for pullata and its close relatives anceps and rufulus.  Recent authors (Prószy ski & Star ga 1971, L,M&M 1974, Mill. 1984b) reinstated Kaestneria to full generic status and retained pullata within this genus.  This necessitated the transfer of anceps and rufulus to Kaestneria (Crawford 1988).  Mill. (1977) synonymized Kaestneria with Cresmatoneta Simon 1929, but later repudiated this synonymy (Mill. 1984b).

                                                anceps (Kulcz. 1885).  SYN schumaginensis Keys. 1886, kuratai Ch&I 1947.  Ivie 1969, Eskov 1984b, W,D&R 1988.  CO, AK, NT, BC, Siberia. This species has frequently been confused with pullata in the literature (Ivie 1969).  M,E,L&B (1992) suggested that anceps is a "color morph" of pullata; however, M,E,K&V (1993) treated them as separate species.  If the two were indeed conspecific, anceps with its allopatric distribution would be a distinct subspecies (RC).

                                                pullata (OPC 1863).  SYN conicus Em 1914.  Kaston 1948, Wiehle 1956, L,L&K 1958, Merrett 1963, Ivie 1969, Heimer et al. 1984, W,D&R 1988, A&D 1992.  NY, MN, WI, UT, WY, OR, WA, PQ, ON, MB, [SK], AB, NT, BC, palaearctic

                                                rufula (Hack. 1954).  Ivie 1969, W,D&R 1988, Crawford 1988, A&D 1992, B&H 1992, D&R 1994.  NY, NJ, PA, NF, LB, PQ, ON, MB, BC

 

Lepthyphantes Menge 1866  (gender masculine)

            Type: Linyphia nebulosa Sundevall 1829

SYN Leptyphantes Menge 1866 (misspelling), Lephthyphantes Thorell 1869 (unjustified emendation).  Bonnet (1957) discussed the various spellings of the name of this genus found in the literature and opted for Leptyphantes as correct usage.  Here we follow the majority of modern authors, including Brignoli (1983), in using Lepthyphantes.  In addition to being an original spelling, it is etymologically correct (RC).

                                                aldersoni L&L 1955.  AB

                                                alpinus (Em 1882).  SYN zebra: Banks 1892 (misidentification).  Zorsch 1937, Dondale 1957, Freitag et al. 1969, Koponen 1987, W,D&R 1988, Crawford 1988, J,H,D&R 1988, A&D 1992, M,E&K 1992.  NH, ME, VT, CO, WA, AK, NF, NS, PQ, ON, MB, [SK], AB, [YT], BC, eastern palaearctic.  The first Siberian record of alpinus by Tanasevitch & Eskov (1987) was incorrect (Tanasevitch 1987).

                                                arboreus (Em 1915b).  Zorsch 1937.  WY, WA, AK, AB, BC

                                                arcticus (Keys. 1886).  Ch&I 1947, Hels. et al. 1977, Crawford 1988.  WA, AK.  Hels. et al. (1977) offered the suggestion, based on Keyserling's illustration, that arcticus may be a synonym of tenuis (Blackwall).  RC considers that unlikely, and awaits examination of the type (at USNM).

                                                bihamatus (Em 1882).  Zorsch 1937, Renault 1968.  NH, NF, NB, PQ

                                                calcaratus (Em 1909).  Zorsch 1937, Bishop 1949, L&L 1955, Hack. 1954, Renault 1968, W,D&R 1988, A&D 1992.  ME, MT, CO, NF, NS, NB, PQ, MB, NT, BC

                                                chamberlini Schenkel 1950 (not of L&L; see L. rainieri).  AB

                                                complicatus (Em 1882).  SYN umbraticola Keys. 1886, audax Sörensen 1898, heathi Ch 1921.  Zorsch 1937, Ch&I 1947, Holm 1958b, 1967, Hels. 1973a, Koponen 1987, Crawford 1988, J,H,D&R 1988, A&D 1992.  ME, NH, NY, WY, WA, AK, NF, LB, PQ, MB, [SK], AB, BC, Greenland, palaearctic

                                                cracens Zorsch 1937.  NY

                                                duplicatus (Em 1913a).  SYN triramus Ch&I 1947.  Jackson 1933, Zorsch 1937, Hack. 1954, Renault 1968, A&D 1992, B&H 1992.  ME, AK, NF, NB, PQ, MB, [SK], [AB], NT, [YT]

                                                furcillifer Ch&I 1933.  Zorsch 1937, L&L 1951, Crawford 1988.  UT, WY, [MT], WA

                                                intricatus (Em 1911).  SYN complicata Banks 1892 (preoccupied).  L&F 1954, Freitag et al. 1969, Hels. 1973a, Koponen 1987, W,D&R 1988, J,H,D&R 1988.  ME, NY, WI, [OR], [AK], ON, PQ, MB, BC

                                                lamprus Ch 1920.  SYN spatulifer Ch 1928.  L&L 1951, Ivie 1969.  UT, WY

                                                leprosus (Ohlert 1865).  SYN galbea Keys. 1886.  Zorsch 1937, Kaston 1948, L&F 1954, Bragg & Leech 1972, Crawford 1988, Beatty 1988, B&H 1992.  CT, NH, NY, RI, MI, OH, WI, WA, NS, PQ, [SK], BC, palaearctic.  This synanthropic species has been introduced to North America.

                                                lyricus Zorsch 1937.  W,D&R 1988, Crawford 1988.  OR, WA, BC, [AK]

                                                maculatus (Banks 1900).  Ivie 1969.  AL

                                                mercedes Ch&I 1943.  Crawford 1988.  CA, NV, WA

                                                nebulosus (Sundevall 1829).  SYN autumnalis Hentz 1850.  Zorsch 1937, Kaston 1948, L&F 1954, Lo&G 1955, Drew 1967, Rapp 1980, W,D&R 1984, Dorris 1985, Beatty 1988, A&D 1992, B&H 1992.  MA, NH, NY, CT, OH, MI, WI, NE, AR, LA, CO, WY, WA, NS, PQ, ON, MB, [SK], [AB], palaearctic.  This synanthropic species has been introduced to North America.

                                                nigriventris (L.Koch 1879).  Hack. 1954, Hels. et al. 1977.  NF, palaearctic

                                                pollicaris Zorsch 1937.  SYN tamara Ch&I 1943.  L&L 1951, L&L 1955, W,D&R 1988, Crawford 1988, C&E 1989.  WY, UT, ID, MT, WA, [AB], BC

                                                rainieri Em 1926, male only.  SYN chamberlini: L&L (misidentification).  Zorsch 1937 (male only), L&L 1951, 1955, Crawford 1988.  WA, CO, WY, MT, [AB].  The female described by Emerton and Zorsch is probably L. zelatus.  L&L 1951 illustrated the true female of rainieri under the name L. chamberlini (Crawford 1988).

                                                rubescens Em 1926.  Zorsch 1937.  BC

                                                sabulosus (Keys. 1886).  SYN appalachia Ch&I 1944.  Zorsch 1937, Kaston 1948, L&F 1954, Drew 1967, Ivie 1967, B&H 1992.  CT, DC, GA, KS, MD, MO, NC, PA, MI, WI, TX, VA, PQ, MB, AB.  UT, the type locality, may be in error (Ivie 1967).

                                                tenuis (Blackwall 1852).  SYN pusilla Blackwall 1834 (preoccupied).  Bragg & Leech 1972, Hels. et al. 1977, Crawford 1988, Edwards 1993a. MA, [OR], WA, BC, palaearctic.  This synanthropic species has been introduced to North America.

                                                turbatrix (OPC 1877).  SYN subalpina Em 1882, turbator Simon 1884 (unjustified emendation), groenlandica Lenz 1897.  Zorsch 1937, L&F 1954, Drew 1967, Renault 1968, Holm 1967, W,D&R 1984, Lowrie 1985, J,H,D&R 1988, A&D 1992.  ME, NH, NY, WI, MI, NM, NF, NB, PQ, ON, MB, [SK], [AB], BC, Greenland

                                                umbratilis (Keys. 1886).  Ivie 1969.  NC

                                                washingtoni Zorsch 1937.  SYN complicatus Jackson 1933 (preoccupied), washingtonicus Bonnet 1957 (unjustified emendation).  Bonnet 1957, Holm 1960b, Koponen 1987, 1992b, W,D&R 1988, A&D 1992.  NH, NY, CO, AK, LB, PQ, MB, [SK], BC, NT

                                                zebra (Em 1882).  SYN argenteomaculata Banks 1892, decorata Banks 1892.  Zorsch 1937, Kaston 1945, 1948, L&F 1954, Renault 1968, Fox & Dondale 1973, Rapp 1980, Heimer et al. 1984, J,H,D&R 1988, A&D 1992.  ME, VT, MA, CT, NY, MI, NC, TN, WI, MN, NE, [OR], WA, AK, NS, NB, PQ, ON, MB, [SK], AB, BC

                                                zelatus Zorsch 1937.  Bragg & Leech 1972, Holm 1969, McIver et al. 1992.  OR, WA, AK, BC

                                                zibus Zorsch 1937.  Ch&I 1947, W,D&R 1988, McIver et al. 1992.  OR, WA, AK, BC

 

Linyphantes Chamberlin & Ivie 1942  (gender masculine)

            Type: Linyphia ephedra Ch&I 1933

SYN Centromeroides Schenkel 1950 (type: C. modestus Schenkel 1950 = Microneta aeronautica Petrunk. 1929).

                                                aeronauticus (Petrunk. 1929).  SYN ephedra Ch&I 1942, modestus Schenkel 1950.  Ivie 1967, Hels. 1973a, W,D&R 1988, Crawford 1988.  UT, NV, ID, CA, OR, WA, BC

                                                aliso Ch&I 1942.  CA

                                                anacortes Ch&I 1942.  CA, WA, [BC]

                                                delmarus Ch&I 1942.  CA

                                                distinctus Ch&I 1942.  CA

                                                eureka Ch&I 1942.  Crawford 1988.  CA, WA

                                                laguna Ch&I 1942.  CA

                                                microps Ch&I 1942.  CA

                                                natches Ch&I 1942.  WA.  Possibly a junior synonym of L. pacificus (Banks) (Crawford 1988).

                                                nehalem Ch&I 1942.  W,D&R 1988, Crawford 1988.  OR, WA, BC

                                                nigrescens Ch&I 1942.  W,D&R 1988.  CA, BC

                                                obscurus Ch&I 1942.  CA

                                                orcinus (Em 1917).  SYN longivulva Ch&I 1942.  Ivie 1967, Hels. 1973a, Crawford 1988.  CA, [OR], WA, BC

                                                pacificus (Banks 1906).  Ivie 1967.  WA

                                                pacificus Ch&I 1942.  CA.  This name is preoccupied by pacificus (Banks 1906).

                                                pualla Ch&I 1942.  McIver et al. 1992.  OR, WA, [AK], BC

                                                santinez Ch&I 1942.  CA

                                                santinez verdugo Ch&I 1942.  CA

                                                victoria Ch&I 1942.  Crawford 1988.  WA, [AK], BC

 

Linyphia Latreille 1804 (unplaced species)  (gender feminine)

            Type: Araneus triangularis Clerck 1758.

Also see Neriene, considered a subgenus by some authors.  There appear to be no authentic members of the genus Linyphia, as currently defined, in North America (Hels. 1969).  The following species have been described, or placed, in this genus and have not yet been transferred elsewhere:

                                                adstricta (Keys. 1886).  Bonnet 1957.  UT.  Possibly Neriene clathrata (Hels. in litt. 1982).

                                                catalina Gertsch 1951.  J&R 1974, Mill. 1984b, 1993b.  AZ

                                                emertonii Thorell 1875.  Holm 1967.  LB.  Possibly Estrandia nearctica (= grandaeva) (Hels. 1969); the type material has not been located.

                                                neophita Hentz 1850.  SYN neophila Keys. 1886 (misspelling), neophyta Petrunk. 1911, Bonnet 1957 (unjustified emendation).  NC.  Hentz's figure of the male suggests an erigonine, perhaps a Ceratinopsis, but the species is probably unidentifiable (RC).

                                                orophila Thorell 1877.  CO

                                                rita Gertsch 1951.  J&R 1974, Mill. 1984b, 1993b.  AZ

                                                tauphora Ch in Ch&G 1928.  Bonnet 1957.  UT.  Possibly = Stemonyphantes blauveltae (RC).

                                                textrix Walckenaer 1841.  GA.  Chamberlin & Ivie (1944) placed this species as a senior synonym of Anelosimus studiosus, Theridiidae.  Levi (1956, 1972b) questioned this placement but offered no alternate suggestion.

 

Macrargus Dahl 1886  (gender masculine)

            Type: Theridion rufum Wider 1834

                                                multesimus (OPC 1875).  SYN discolor Em 1882, macrochelis Em 1917.  Kaston 1948, Holm 1960b, L,L&K 1958, Drew 1967, Palmgren 1975, Koponen 1987, A&D 1992.  MA, CT, WI, MI, AK, PQ, MB, [SK], AB, palaearctic.  Holm (1960b) was correct when he tentatively synonymized macrochelis with multesimus (DJB).

 

Maro OPC 1906 (gender masculine)

            Type: Maro minutus OPC 1906.

sibericus Eskov 1980.  Koponen 1994.  PQ

 

Meioneta Hull 1920  (gender feminine)

            Type: Micryphantes rurestris C.L.Koch 1836

SYN Gnathantes Chamberlin & Ivie 1943 (type: Gnathantes fragilis Ch&I 1943).

Saaristo (1973) synonymized Meioneta with Agyneta and presented reasonable arguments for doing so (but partly based on the judgement that some characters are not of "generic value").  Mill. (1977) and Hippa & Oksala (1985) have tentatively maintained Meioneta as a separate genus and this practice is followed here. decisions on relimiting this large and complex group would best be made in the context of a revision.  Meioneta in North America is in serious need of revision, with at least 40 undescribed species in the AMNH collection and many others elsewhere.

                                                alaskensis Holm 1960b.  Hels. 1973a, M,E&K 1992.  AK, eastern palaearctic.  Probably = maritima (RC).

                                                angulata (Em 1882).  SYN minutissima Banks 1892, pallida Banks 1892:45, flaveola Banks 1892:47, inornata Banks 1892 (male only), pallescens Banks 1910, olivena Barrows 1940.  Kaston 1945, 1948, Ch&I 1944, Bonnet 1955, Dondale 1957, Hels. 1973a, Beatty 1988.  CT, NY, OH, GA, TN, NS

                                                barrowsi Ch&I 1944.  GA

                                                brevipes (Keys. 1886).  Ch&I 1947.  WA, AK

                                                dactylata Ch&I 1944.  GA

                                                decorata Ch&I 1944.  GA

                                                emertoni (Roewer 1942).  SYN pallida Em 1917 (preoccupied).  Hels. 1973a.  WA, BC

                                                evadens (Ch 1925).  Kaston 1948, Hels. 1973a.  MA

                                                fabra (Keys. 1886).  SYN bowditchiae Bishop 1923, wana Ch 1925, nana C&B 1928b (misspelling of wana).  Kaston 1948, Vogel 1968, Renault 1968, Ivie 1969, Hels. 1973a, Dorris 1985, H&J 1988, A&D 1992, B&H 1992, D&R 1994.  ME, CT, PA, AR, AL, TX, NB, PQ, ON, MB, [SK], [AB]

                                                ferosa (Ch&I 1943).  Crawford 1988.  UT

                                                fillmorana (Ch 1919).  Lo&G 1955, Ivie 1969, Crawford 1988.  UT, WY, [OR], WA

                                                floridana (Banks 1896a), male only.  Ivie 1969.  FL.  Banks's female was Eperigone trilobata (Mill. 1987).

                                                fratrella (Ch 1919).  Ch&I 1933, L&L 1951, Ivie 1969, Hels. 1973a, Crawford 1988.  UT, WY, WA

                                                fuscipes Ch&I 1944.  GA

                                                grayi Barnes 1953.  NC

                                                imitata Ch&I 1944.  GA

                                                leucophora Ch&I 1944.  GA

                                                llanoensis (G&Da 1936).  Hels. 1973a.  TX

                                                longipes Ch&I 1944.  GA

                                                lophophor (Ch&I 1933).  Ch&I 1947, Hels. 1973a.  According to ICZN Art. 31b(i), Bonnet (1957) was wrong in arguing for use of lophophora (RC).

                                                manni C&E 1989.  WA

                                                maritima (Em 1919b).  SYN nigripes: Leech 1966, M,E&K 1992 (misidentification).  Leech 1966, Hels. 1973a, M,E,K&V 1993.  NT, Siberia

                                                meridionalis (C&B 1936a).  Hels. 1973a, Dorris 1985.  MS, AR, LA, FL, VA

                                                micaria (Em 1882).  SYN zonaria Keys. 1886. C&B 1936a, Ch&I 1944, Kaston 1948, Hels. 1973a, Dorris 1985.  CT, GA, AR, LA

                                                minorata Ch&I 1944.  GA

                                                mollis (OPC 1871).  Holm 1960b.  AK, palaearctic.  Prószy ski & Star ga (1971) treated mollis as a synonym of M. tenera (Menge 1869).  This synonymy was not recognized by M,L&M 1985, Roberts 1987, or Platnick 1993.

                                                nigripes nigripes (Simon 1884).  SYN levinsenii Sörensen 1898. Holm 1967, Thaler 1975, Koponen 1994.  PQ, Greenland, palaearctic.  Concerning the synonymy, see note under rurestris.

                                                nigripes jacksoni Braend. 1937.  SYN nigripes: Jackson 1933 (misidentification).  Jackson 1933, Holm 1967, Hillyard 1979.  NT.  The status of this name must remain unresolved until Braendegaard's Greenland specimens are reexamined to determine whether he designated a holotype from among these, which Holm (1967) placed under rurestris and Wunderlich (1973) under levinsenii.  If there is no holotype, Braendegaard's series plus Jackson's specimens from Akpatok, NT, constitute a syntype series from which a lectotype (preferably a Jackson specimen) must be designated to fix the status of the name.  Pending such action, nigripes jacksoni cannot properly be considered a synonym of levinsenii, whose status is likewise confused (RC); see under rurestris.

                                                officiosa (Barrows 1940).  Ivie 1969.  TN

                                                ordinaria Ch&I 1947.  L&L 1955.  MT, AK

                                                parva (Banks 1896a).  Ivie 1969.  DC

                                                picta Ch&I 1944.  GA

                                                protrudens (Ch&I 1933), new combination (RC).  UT

                                                regina Ch&I 1944.  GA

                                                rurestris (C.L. Koch 1836).  Holm 1967, Hillyard 1979.  Greenland, palaearctic.  Wunderlich (1973) referred Holm's Greenland records of rurestris (as well as Braendegaard's Greenland records of M. nigripes jacksoni), to a distinct species, for which Wunderlich resurrected the name levinsenii.  However, as Braendegaard (1946) and Holm (1967) noted, the type series of levinsenii is a mixture of two species.  No lectotype has been designated, and until this is done the application of the name levinsenii must remain uncertain, per ICZN Art. 73b (RC).  Resolving the current confusion over these names (Thaler 1975, Koponen 1992b) must await restudy of the types.

                                                semipallida Ch&I 1944.  GA

                                                serrata (Em 1909).  SYN beaufortensis Barnes 1953, emertoni Kaston 1972.  Kaston 1948, 1977, Hels. 1973a, H&B 1994.  MA, NC, NS, ON

                                                simplex (Em 1926).  Kaston 1948, Dondale 1971, Koponen 1987, A&D 1992.  MA, NS, PQ, ON, MB

                                                tumoa (Ch&I 1933).  Ch&I 1947, Lo&G 1955, Hels. 1973a.  UT, WY, AK

                                                unimaculata (Banks 1892).  SYN inornata Banks 1892 (female only). Ch&I 1944, Kaston 1948, Dondale 1957, 1971, L,L&K 1958, Vogel 1968, D,P&P 1979, Coyle 1981, Beatty 1988, A&D 1992.  NY, OH, WI, PA, NC, GA, NS, PQ, ON, MB

                                                uta (Ch 1920).  SYN anopla Ch&I 1933.  Hels. 1973a.  UT

                                                zebrina Ch&I 1944.  GA

                                                zygia (Keys. 1886).  Ch&I 1944, Kaston 1948, Lo&G 1955, Dondale 1971, A&D 1992.  CT, GA, WY, ON, MB

                                                sp.,rurestris group.  Hack. 1954.  NF

 

Microlinyphia Gerhardt 1928  (gender feminine)

            Type: Linyphia pusilla Sundevall 1829.

SYN Pusillia Chamberlin & Ivie 1943 (type: Linyphia mandabulata Em 1882).

Published identifications for members of this genus in North America have frequently been in error.  See Hels. 1970.

                                                dana (Ch&I 1943).  Hels. 1970.  CA, OR, WA, AK, BC

                                                impigra (OPC 1871).  SYN cayuga Em 1914.  Blauvelt 1936, Ch&I 1947, Wiehle 1956, Hels. 1970, W,D&R 1988, Crawford 1988, Beatty 1988, A&D 1992.  NY, OH, WA, AK, ON, MB, [SK], BC, palaearctic

                                                mandibulata mandibulata (Em 1882).  SYN mandibulata provoana Ch&I 1943, maculata: L&F 1954 (misidentification).  Kaston 1948, Renault 1968, Hels. 1970, D,P&P 1979, Rapp 1980, Beatty 1988, A&D 1992.  NH, NY, NJ, CT, MI, OH, GA, WI, NE, UT, WA, AK, NF, NB, PQ, ON, MB, [SK], [AB]

                                                mandibulata punctata (Ch&I 1943).  Hels. 1970, Crawford 1988.  UT, AZ, CA, ID, OR, WA, BC

                                                pusilla (Sundevall 1829).  SYN bonita Ch&I 1943.  Hels. 1970, B&H 1992.  WY, ID, MT, CO, WA, AK, PQ, MB, [SK], [AB], BC, NT, palaearctic

 

Microneta Menge 1868  (gender feminine)

            Type: Neriene viaria Blackwall 1841

                                                orines Ch&I 1933.  UT.  Probably a synonym of the variable M. viaria (Crawford 1988).

                                                viaria (Blackwall 1841).  SYN quisquiliarum Westring 1851, soltaui Banks 1902, obesior Ch 1919.  Ch&I 1933, 1947, Kaston 1948, L&F 1954, Drew 1967, Vogel 1968, Freitag et al. 1969, Hels. 1973a, Saaristo 1974, Heimer et al. 1984, Bragg & Leech 1972, Crawford 1988, A&D 1992, Koponen 1992a.  MA, CT, PA, MI, WI, MN, NM, UT, WA, AK, PQ, ON, MB, [SK], [AB], BC, palaearctic

 

Neriene Blackwall 1833  (gender feminine)

                                                Type: N. marginata Blackwall 1833 = Linyphia clathrata Sundevall 1829

                                                SYN Linyphiella Homann 1950 (preoccupied, no type species; see Brignoli 1983), Prolinyphia Homann 1952 (nomen novum for Linyphiella, preoccupied; type: Linyphia emphana Walck. 1841).

The generic limits of Linyphia, sensu lato, are currently a subject of controversy.  Hels. (1969) separated Neriene from Linyphia and synonymized Prolinyphia with the former genus.  L,M&M (1974) reduced Neriene to subgeneric status and Crawford (1988) revalidated it as a genus.  Kaston (1977) gave both Neriene and Prolinyphia full generic status.  Hels. (1969) and Crawford (1988) are followed here.

                                                clathrata (Sundevall 1829).  SYN waldea Ch&I 1943.  Blauvelt 1936, Kaston 1948, L&F 1954, Drew 1967, Renault 1968, Hels. 1969, Freitag et al. 1969, Fox & Dondale 1973, A&D 1992, B&H 1992.  ME, NH, MA, CT, NY, NJ, DC, NC, OH, MI, WI, MO, MN, NF, NS, NB, PQ, ON, MB, [SK], [AB], palaearctic

                                                coosa (Gertsch 1951).  Hels. 1969.  AL

                                                digna (Keys. 1886).  SYN diana: Banks 1904 (misspelling), dogmatica Ch 1925.  Blauvelt 1936, Hels. 1969.  CA, OR, WA, AK, BC

                                                litigiosa (Keys. 1886).  Blauvelt 1936, Hels. 1969.  CA, OR, WA, UT, WY, MT, BC, Mexico

                                                montana (Clerck 1757).  Hels. 1969, Lapointe & Hutchinson 1992.  PQ, ON, palaearctic.  Introduced to North America.

                                                peltata (Wider 1834).  SYN emertoni: Sörensen 1898 (misidentification).  Holm 1967.  Greenland, palaearctic

                                                radiata (Walckenaer 1841).  SYN marginata C.L.Koch 1834 (preoccupied), marmorata Hentz 1850, scripta Hentz 1850.  C&Z 1935, Gertsch 1935, Blauvelt 1936, Kaston 1948, L&F 1954, Lo&G 1955, Renault 1968, Hels. 1969, Rapp 1980, Heimer et al. 1984, W,D&R 1984, Dorris 1985, Crawford 1988, A&D 1992.  ME, NH, VT, MA, CT, RI, NY, NJ, PA, DC, MD, VA, NC, AL, FL, MS, MO, MI, MN, LA, AR, OH, WI, IN, IA, NE, TX, NM, AZ, [SD], WY, WA, AK, NS, NB, ON, PQ, MB, SK, [AB], BC, palaearctic.  Replacement of the familiar name Linyphia marginata C.L. Koch with radiata has been treated as contingent on inclusion of the species in Neriene, in which it is a secondary homonym of Neriene marginata Blackwall 1833 (Hels. 1969, L,M&M 1974); however, the Koch name is permanently invalid (ICZN Art. 57b) as a primary homonym of Linyphia marginata Blackwall 1833, a separate nominal taxon published in a different paper (RC).

                                                redacta Ch 1925.  SYN davisi Gertsch 1951. Hels. 1969.  FL, MS, GA

                                                variabilis (Banks 1892).  SYN maculata Em 1909. Blauvelt 1936, Kaston 1948, Hels. 1969, Dorris 1985, Beatty 1988, B&H 1992.  MA, NY, CT, NJ, DC, MN, WI, OH, NC, GA, AR, PQ

 

Oaphantes Chamberlin & Ivie 1943  (gender masculine)

            Type: Bathyphantes pallidula Banks 1904.

                                                pallidulus (Banks 1904).  Ch&I 1943.  CA

 

Oreonetides (Oreonetides) Strand 1901  (gender masculine per ICZN Art. 30b)  (Hels. 1981)

            Type: Erigone vaginata Thorell 1872.

                                                SYN Aigola Ch 1921 (type: Microneta crassimanus Em 1882 = Erigone vaginata Thorell 1872), Labuella Ch&I 1943 (type: Labuella prosaica Ch&I 1943).

Eskov (1984a) created the genus Oreophantes (q.v.) for recurvatus Em, which had been treated as a doubtful member of Oreonetides by Hels. 1981.

                                                filicatus (Crosby 1937b).  Hels. 1981, W,D&R 1988.  CA, OR, WA, AK, BC

                                                flavus (Em 1915b).  Hels. 1981, Crawford 1988.  NY, WA, AB

                                                rectangulatus (Em 1913a).  Crosby 1937b, Kaston 1948, Hels. 1981, H&J 1988, J,H,D&R 1988, A&D 1992, B&H 1992, D&R 1994.  ME, MA, NY, PQ, ON, MB, [AB]

                                                rotundus (Em 1913a).  SYN clavata Em 1917 (female only), corynetes Ch&I 1945b.  Hels. 1981, W,D&R 1988, A&D 1992, B&H 1992.  NH, NY, MI, [AK], NF, PQ, MB, [SK], AB, BC

                                                vaginatus (Thorell 1872).  SYN crassimanus Em 1882, ululabilis Keys. 1886, tuberosum Em 1915b, preoccupied (male only), pauliana Ch 1921, tuberella Ch 1921, prosaica Ch&I 1943.  Crosby 1937b, Holm 1945, 1967, Freitag et al. 1969, Saaristo 1972, Hillyard 1979, Hels. 1981, Koponen 1987, 1992b, W,D&R 1988, Peck 1988, Crawford 1988, J,H,D&R 1988, A&D 1992.  ME, NY, NH, MI, WY, [MT], AZ, WA, AK, LB, NF, PQ, ON, MB, [SK], [AB], BC, NT, Greenland, palaearctic

 

Oreonetides (Montitextrix) Denis 1963  (gender feminine, but species names governed by masc. genus)

            Type: Linyphia glacialis L.Koch 1872.

                                                flavescens (Crosby 1937b).  Hels. 1981, Koponen 1987, J,H,D&R 1988.  ME, NY, NF, PQ

 

Oreophantes Eskov 1984a  (gender masculine)

            Type: Bathyphantes recurvatus Emerton 1913

                                                recurvatus (Em 1913a).  SYN kokoko Ivie 1966.  Crosby 1937b, Hels. 1973b, 1981, Koponen 1987, H&J 1988, J,H,D&R 1988, Peck 1988, Eskov 1984a.  ME, VT, NY, PQ, ON, [SK], AB, [BC]

 

Ostearius Hull 1911  (gender masculine)

            Type: Linyphia melanopygia OPC 1879.

                                                melanopygius (OPC 1879).  SYN matei Keys. 1886, nigrianus Keys. 1886, melacra Ch 1916.  B&C 1938, Levi 1967, Ivie 1967, Kaston 1977, Mill. 1985.  New England, CA, WA, cosmopolitan.  Introduced to North America.

 

Pityohyphantes Simon 1929  (gender masculine)

            Type: Linyphia phrygiana C.L.Koch 1836

Blauvelt (1936) synonymized all of the species described from North America, with the exception of limitaneus, with the palaearctic phrygianus.  Ch&I (1943) showed that the common eastern species, costatus, was distinct from phrygianus, but did not clarify the status of the other species synonymized by Blauvelt.  As the determination of valid synonymies from the literature is virtually impossible, all published names for North American species are listed here.

                                                alticeps Ch&I 1943.  L&L 1951, Lo&G 1955, Crawford 1988.  WY, WA

                                                brachygynus Ch&I 1942.  CA

                                                costatus (Hentz 1850).  Blauvelt 1936, Ch&I 1943, Kaston 1948, Hack. 1954, L&F 1954, Dondale 1957, Drew 1967, D,P&P 1979, Coyle 1981, Beatty 1988, A&D 1992.  Northeastern USA, OH, MI, WI, NC, NS, NF, PQ, ON, MB, [SK], [AB]

                                                cristatus Ch&I 1942.  L&L 1951, 1955, Lo&G 1955, W,D&R 1984.  WY, MT, [SK], AB, BC

                                                cristatus coloradensis Ch&I 1942.  CO

                                                hesperus (Ch 1920).  Ch&I 1933, Gertsch 1935, Blauvelt 1936.  UT

                                                kamela Ch&I 1943.  Crawford 1988.  OR, WA

                                                limitaneus (Em 1915b).  Gertsch 1935, Blauvelt 1936, W,D&R 1984.  ME, NS, LB, PQ, ON, MB, [SK], AB, BC

                                                lomondensis Ch&I 1941.  CA

                                                minidoka Ch&I 1943.  Crawford 1988.  ID, [OR], WA

                                                navajo Ch&I 1942.  UT

                                                pallidus Ch&I 1942.  CA

                                                phrygianus var. annulipes (Banks 1892).  Blauvelt 1936, Bonnet 1958.  NY.  Probably a senior synonym of subarcticus Ch&I (DJB).

                                                rubrofasciatus (Keys. 1886).  SYN vancouveranus Ch&I 1942.  Em 1920, Blauvelt 1936, Banks 1904, Schenkel 1950, Crawford 1988.  CA, [OR], WA, BC

                                                subarcticus Ch&I 1943.  Ch&I 1947.  AK, PQ, [ON], MB, [SK], [AB].  P. subarcticus is very close to the palaearctic phrygianus (C.L. Koch 1836), and may be a synonym of that species.  However, there are small differences in palpal structure (Ashmole et al. 1978), and it therefore seems best to maintain it as a separate species at present.

                                                tacoma Ch&I 1942.  Crawford 1988.  [OR], WA, [AK]

Poeciloneta (Poeciloneta) Kulczy ski 1894  (gender feminine)

            Type: Neriene variegata Blackwall 1841

Millidge (1977) tentatively synonymized Poeciloneta with Drapetisca, but this was not accepted by Mill. 1984b or M,L&M 1985.  Tanasevitch (1989b) considered Poeciloneta to be closely related to Lepthyphantes and suggested it be treated as a subgenus or species group of that genus, but Eskov & Marusik (1992b) considered Poeciloneta to be a valid genus.

                                                bellona Ch&I 1943.  UT.  Tanasevitch (1989b) considered this species incorrectly placed.

                                                berthae (L&L 1955).  Crawford 1988.  [MT], WA, AB

                                                canionis Ch&I 1943.  W,D&R 1988.  UT, BC.  Tanasevitch (1989b) considered this species incorrectly placed.

                                                fructuosa (Keys. 1886).  SYN occidentalis Em 1915b.  Zorsch 1937, Crawford 1988.  WA, AK, BC

                                                globosa (Wider 1834).  SYN variegata Blackwall 1841.  L&M 1953, Wiehle 1956, W,D&R 1988, Crawford 1988, Tanasevitch 1989b.  WA, [AB], BC, palaearctic.  Possibly introduced.  Tanasevitch (1989b) followed Simon (1929) in treating globosa as a synonym of Microlinyphia pusilla (Sundevall 1829).  This would leave variegata as the correct name for the Poeciloneta species considered here.  Simon's synonymy of globosa has not been accepted by L&M 1953, Wiehle 1956, M,L&M 1985, or Roberts 1987.

                                                theridiformis (Em 1911).  Zorsch 1937, Tanasevitch 1989b, B&H 1992.  NH, PQ

 

Poeciloneta (Acanthoneta) Eskov & Marusik 1992b

            Type: Lepthyphantes agressus Ch&I 1943.

                                                aggressa (Ch&I 1943).  L&L 1951, Crawford 1988, Eskov & Marusik 1992b.  UT, WY, WA, [AB], Siberia

                                                furcata (Em 1913a).  Zorsch 1937, L&F 1954, Koponen 1987, Eskov & Marusik 1992b.  NH, VT, NY, WI, PQ

 

Porrhomma Simon 1884  (gender neuter)

            Type: Linyphia proserpina Simon 1872

SYN Willibaldia Keyserling 1886 (type: W. cavernicola Keys. 1886).

                                                cavernicola (Keys. 1886).  Crosby 1905b, Comstock 1940, Bonnet 1959, Thaler 1968, Dorris 1985.  KY, MO, AR

                                                convexum (Westring 1851).  Wiehle 1956, Holm 1960b, Koponen 1982, Roberts 1987, Crawford 1988.  WA, AK, [BC], Greenland, palaearctic.   Thaler (1968) considered convexum a subspecies of pygmaeum (Blackwall 1834).

                                                egeria Simon 1884.  Bonnet 1958, Thaler 1968, Peck 1988.  ON, palaearctic.  Found in caves.  Introduced?

                                                emertoni Roewer 1942.  SYN incerta Em 1875 (preoccupied).  Em 1875, Comstock 1940, Thaler 1968, Peck 1988.  VA, KY, ON

                                                gertschi Hack. 1954.  NF

                                                ocellum Ch&I 1943, new gender ending, male only.  UT.  Ch&I apparently intended "ocella" to be a feminine adjective based on the Latin noun ocellus, little eye.  The female described under this name by Ch&I is Anacornia microps (Crawford 1988).

                                                sodontum (Ch 1949).  Thaler 1968, Crawford 1988.  WA

                                                terrestre (Em 1882).  SYN clavata Em 1917 (male only).  B&C 1938, Ch&I 1947, Kaston 1948, L&L 1951, L&F 1954, Ivie 1967, Crawford 1988, A&D 1992, Koponen 1992a.  MA, NY, MI, WI, WY, AK, PQ, ON, MB, [SK], [AB]

 

Saaristoa Millidge 1978  (gender feminine)

            Type: Neriene abnormis Blackwall 1841

                                                sammamish (L&L 1955).  W,D&R 1984, Crawford 1988.  MT, WA, BC, [AK]

 

Scironis Bishop & Crosby 1938  (gender masculine)

            Type: Tmeticus tarsalis Em 1911.

Scironis has traditionally been considered erigonine.  Crawford (1990) transferred it to Linyphiinae because tarsalis has unbranched tracheae confined to the abdomen.

                                                simus Ch 1949, new gender ending.  W,D&R 1984, Crawford 1988.  OR, WA, BC.  According to Crawford (1988, 1990) this species belongs elsewhere; but as it, like tarsalis, is haplotracheate (independently checked by DJB and RC), it is left here pending revision.

                                                tarsalis (Em 1911).  B&C 1938, Kaston 1948, Hack. 1954, Drew 1967, W,D&R 1988, Crawford 1988, 1990, J,H,D&R 1988, A&D 1992, B&H 1992, D&R 1994.  ME, NH, VT, MA, NY, MI, WA, AK, NF, PQ, ON, MB, [SK], [AB], BC

 

Sisicus Bishop & Crosby 1938  (gender masculine)

            Type: S. penifusifer B&C 1938.

Sisicus has traditionally been considered erigonine.  Millidge (1984b) transferred it to Linyphiinae because apertus has unbranched tracheae confined to the abdomen.

                                                apertus (Holm 1939).  SYN longitarsi Ch&I 1947.  Holm 1945, 1950, W,D&R 1984, Koponen 1987, J,H,D&R 1988, A&D 1992.  ME, AK, PQ, MB, [SK], [AB], BC, palaearctic.  RC suspects that longitarsi, though close to apertus, may be a valid species.

                                                penifusifer B&C 1938.  L&F 1954, Drew 1967, W,D&R 1984, J,H,D&R 1988, A&D 1992, B&H 1992.  ME, NY, MI, WI, [NB], PQ, ON, MB, BC

 

Stemonyphantes Menge 1866  (gender masculine)

            Type: Aranea lineata Lin. 1758

                                                blauveltae Gertsch 1951.  Blauvelt 1936, Kaston 1948, L&F 1954, Hels. 1968, Rapp 1980, A&D 1992, B&H 1992.  NH, MA, RI, NY, VA, OH, DC, IN, WI, NE, UT, MT, WA, PQ, ON, MB, [SK], [AB], Siberia?

 

Tapinopa Westring 1851  (gender feminine)

            Type: Walckenaera praecox OPC 1873.

                                                bilineata Banks 1893.  Ch&I 1944, Kaston 1948, L&F 1954, Vogel 1968, Fox & Dondale 1973, Coyle 1981, Thaler 1983, A&D 1992, H&B 1994.  MA, NY, WI, NJ, PA, DC, NC, GA, NB, NS, ON, MB

                                                hentzi Gertsch 1951.  Thaler 1983.  AL

 

Taranucnus Simon 1884  (gender masculine)

            Type: Linyphia setosa OPC 1863.

                                                ornithes (Barrows 1940).  SYN durdenae Ivie 1966.  Hels. 1973b, B&H 1992.  PA, TN, OH, NC, WV, VA, PQ

 

Tennesseellum Petrunkevitch 1925  (gender neuter)

                                                Type: T. minutum Petrunk. 1925 = Bathyphantes formica Emerton 1882.

Like Meioneta and Agyneta, Tennesseellum has branched tracheae extending into the cephalothorax.

                                                formicum (Em 1882).  SYN transversa Crosby 1905a, minutum Petrunk. 1925. C&B 1931, Kaston 1945, 1948, Ch&I 1944, 1947, Barnes 1953, L&F 1954, Hensley et al. 1961, J&R 1974, Rapp 1980, C&E 1989, A&D 1992, B&H 1992.  CT, WI, NC, GA, TN, LA, NM, NE, AZ, WA, AK, PQ, MB, [SK], [AB]

 

Tibioplus Chamberlin & Ivie 1947  (gender masculine)

            Type: T. nearcticus Ch&I 1947 = Erigone diversa L.Koch 1879.

Tibioplus was traditionally considered erigonine.  Millidge (1984b) transferred it to Linyphiinae s.l. (Drapetiscinae) because its members have unbranched tracheae confined to the abdomen.

                                                diversus (L.Koch 1879).  SYN nearcticus Ch&I 1947.  Tullgren 1955, Holm 1973, Mill. 1984b.  AK, palaearctic

 

Wubana Chamberlin 1919  (gender feminine)

            Type: Bolyphantes drassoides Emerton 1882

                                                atypica Ch&I 1936.  Ch&I 1947.  WA, AK, BC

                                                drassoides (Em 1882).  SYN retrahens Ch 1919.  B&C 1934, Ch&I 1936, Kaston 1948, Hels. 1974, Lowrie 1985, Koponen 1987, J,H,D&R 1988.  ME, MA, MI, CT, DC, MD, NC, CA, UT, AZ, NM, PQ

                                                ornata Ch&I 1936.  CA, [WA]

                                                pacifica (Banks 1896a), male only.  B&C 1934, Ch&I 1936, B&H 1992.  NY, WA, PQ, [ON], BC.  Banks and B&C's female has been unplaced (Ch&I 1936), but appears to be Coreorgonal monoceros (RC).

                                                reminiscens Ch 1949.  WY

                                                suprema Ch&I 1936.  Crawford 1988.  CA, WA, [BC]

                                                utahana Ch&I 1936.  UT, [WA]

 

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