How to Know the Spiders - B. J. Kaston, 1978, 3^rd Edition

Corrections by Allen Dean, Texas A&M University

 

Note: Since Kaston's How to Know the Spiders was last published in 1978, many changes have occurred in spider taxonomy. Notably, the families Agelenidae and Clubionidae have been redefined so that many species now belong to other families. Also, the recluse spiders (Loxoscelidae) are now in the family Sicariidae. Changes in the phylogeny of spider families have also occurred but are not included here.

 

This list provides current names and current family assignments. Only the species that have a name change or that have been transferred to another family are included here. The order of this list follows that of Kaston’s book. Page numbers are included for reference. Some species are listed as “nomen dubium” which means the species cannot be identified and the name is no longer used.

 

p. 61 Suborder Orthognatha = Suborder Opisthothelae, Infraorder Mygalomorphae

 

Atypidae

p. 65 Atypus niger (Hentz) = Sphodros niger (Hentz)

p. 66 Atypus bicolor (Lucas) = Sphodros rufipes (Latreille)

 

Theraphosidae

p. 67 Dugesiella hentzi (Girard) = Aphonopelma hentzi (Girard)

Aphonopelma baileyi Chamberlin = Aphonopelma behlei Chamberlin

 

Dipluridae

p. 68 Euagrus ritaensis Chamberlin & Ivie = Euagrus chisoseus Gertsch

Calisoga longitarsus (Simon) = Brachythele longitarsis Simon, Family Nemesiidae

 

Ctenizidae

p. 71 Myrmeciophila fluviatilis (Hentz) = Myrmekiaphila fluviatilis (Hentz), Family Cyrtaucheniidae

Actinoxia versicolor (Simon) = Actinoxia versicolor Simon, Family Cyrtaucheniidae

p. 72 Aptostichus stanfordianus Smith = Family Cyrtaucheniidae

 

p. 72 Suborder Labidognatha = Suborder Opisthothelae, Infraorder Araneomorphae

 

Hypochilidae

p. 73 Hypochilus thorellii Marx = Hypochilus thorelli Marx

 

Filistatidae

p. 74 Filistata hibernalis Hentz = Kukulcania hibernalis (Hentz)

Filistata arizonica Chamberlin & Ivie = Kukulcania arizonica (Chamberlin & Ivie)

Filistata utahana Chamberlin & Ivie = Kukulcania utahana (Chamberlin & Ivie)

 

Oecobiidae

p. 75 Oecobius annulipes Lucas = Oecobius navus Blackwall

 

Uloboridae

p. 77 Uloborus oweni Chamberlin = Philoponella oweni (Chamberlin)

Uloborus octonarius Muma = Octonoba sinensis (Simon)

 

Dictynidae

p. 79 Lathys foxii (Marx) = Lathys foxi (Marx)

p. 81 Dictyna sublata (Hentz) = Emblyna sublata (Hentz)

p. 82 Dictyna annulipes (Blackwall) = Emblyna annulipes (Blackwall)

Dictyna hentzi Kaston = Emblyna hentzi (Kaston)

Dictyna reticulata Gertsch & Ivie = Emblyna reticulata (Gertsch & Ivie)

p. 83 Mallos trivittatus (Banks) = Mexitlia trivittata (Banks)

Amaurobiidae

p. 84 Titanoeca brunnea Emerton = Family Titanoecidae

Titanoeca americana Emerton = Family Titanoecidae

Titanoeca nigrella (Chamberlin) = Family Titanoecidae

Titanoeca silvicola Chamberlin & Ivie = Titanoeca nivalis Simon, Family Titanoecidae

p. 85 Ixeuticus martius (Simon) = Badumna longinqua (L. Koch), Family Desidae

p. 87 Callioplus tibialis (Emerton) = Cybaeopsis tibialis (Emerton)

Callioplus euoplus Bishop & Crosby = Cybaeopsis euopla (Bishop & Crosby)

 

p. 88 Loxoscelidae = Sicariidae

p. 89 Loxosceles reclusa Gertsch & Mulaik = Family Sicariidae

Loxosceles deserta Gertsch = Family Sicariidae

Loxosceles unicolor = nomen dubium

p. 90 Loxosceles arizonica Gertsch & Mulaik = Family Sicariidae

Loxosceles rufescens (Dufour) = Family Sicariidae

 

Plectreuridae

p. 91 Kibramoa suprenans Chamberlin = Kibramoa suprenans (Chamberlin)

 

Pholcidae

p. 95 Spermophora meridionalis Hentz = Spermophora senoculata (Duges)

p. 96 Physocyclus globosus (Taczanowski) = not in U.S., either Physocyclus enaulus Crosby or Physocyclus tanneri Chamberlin

p. 97 Psilochorus californicus Chamberlin = Psilochorus californiae Chamberlin

 

Theridiidae

p. 98 Pholcomma hirsutum Emerton = Pholcomma hirsutum (Emerton)

p. 101 Latrodectus variolus (Walckenaer) = Latrodectus variolus Walckenaer

p. 103 Rhomphaea lacerta (Walckenaer) = Argyrodes fictilium (Hentz)

Rhomphaea fictilium (Hentz) = Argyrodes fictilium (Hentz)

Conopistha rufa (Walckenaer) = Argyrodes trigonum (Hentz)

Argyrodes trigona (Hentz) = Argyrodes trigonum (Hentz)

Euryopis limbata (Walckenaer) = nomen dubium (see Euryopis funebris)

p. 106 Achaearanea globosus (Hentz) = Achaearanea globosa (Hentz)

p. 107 Thymoites unimaculatum (Emerton) = Thymoites unimaculatus (Emerton)

p. 108 Theridion spirale Emerton = Theridion glaucescens Becker

p. 109 Anelosimus textrix (Walckenaer) = Anelosimus studiosus (Hentz)

p. 111 Ctenium riparius (Keyserling) = Robertus riparius (Keyserling)

Ctenium banksi Kaston = Robertus banksi (Kaston)

Enoplognatha lineatum = Enoplognatha ovata (Clerck)

Enoplognatha redimitum = Enoplognatha ovata (Clerck)

 

Linyphiidae

p. 118 Frontinella pyramitela (Walckenaer) = Frontinella communis (Hentz)

p. 120 Pimoa altioculata (Keyserling) = Family Pimoidae

p. 122 Prolinyphia marginata (C. L. Koch) = Neriene radiata (Walckenaer)

p. 123 Prolinyphia litigiosa (Keyserling) = Neriene litigiosa (Keyserling)

Neriene maculata (Emerton) = Neriene variabilis (Banks)

p. 125 Lepthyphantes zebra (Emerton) = Tenuiphantes zebra (Emerton)

p. 126 Lepthyphantes nebulosa (Sundevall) = Megalepthyphantes nebulosus (Sundevall)

Bathyphantes pallida (Banks) = Bathyphantes pallidus (Banks)

p. 127 Tennesseellum formicum (Emerton) = Tennesseellum formica (Emerton)

 

p. 128 Micryphantidae = Linyphiidae

 

Theridiosomatidae

p. 128 Theridiosoma radiosa (McCook) = Theridiosoma gemmosum (L. Koch)

 

Araneidae

p. 132 Gasteracantha elipsoides (Walckenaer) = Gasteracantha cancriformis (Linnaeus)

p. 135 Leucauge venusta (Walckenaer) = Family Tetragnathidae

Meta menardii (Latreille) = Meta menardi (Latreille), Family Tetragnathidae

p. 136 Nephila clavipes (Linnaeus) = Family Tetragnathidae

p. 142 Acanthepeira stellata (Marx) = Acanthepeira stellata (Walckenaer)

p. 147 Allepeira conferta = Mecynogea lemniscata (Walckenaer)

p. 149 Neoscona sacra (Walckenaer) = nomen dubium (see Neoscona domiciliorum)

Neoscona benjamini (Walckenaer) = nomen dubium (see Neoscona domiciliorum)

Neoscona hentzi (Keyserling) = Neoscona crucifera (Lucas)

p. 150 Zygiella nearctica Gertsch = Zygiella dispar (Kulczynski),  Family Tetragnathidae

Zygiella x-notata (Clerck) = Family Tetragnathidae

Zygiella atrica (C. L. Koch) = Family Tetragnathidae

p. 152 Hypsosinga variabilis (Emerton) = Hypsosinga pygmaea (Sundevall)

Hypsosinga truncata (Banks) = Hypsosinga rubens (Hentz)

p. 153 Alpaida calix (Walckenaer) = Metazygia calix (Walckenaer)

Alpaida maura (Hentz) = Metazygia calix (Walckenaer)

Neosconella pegnia (Walckenaer) = Araneus pegnia (Walckenaer)

Neosconella thaddeus (Hentz) = Araneus thaddeus (Hentz)

p. 154 Nuctenea cornuta (Clerck) = Larinioides cornutus (Clerck)

Nuctenea foliata (Fourcroy) = Larinioides cornutus (Clerck)

155 Nuctenea sericata (Clerck) = Larinioides sclopetarius (Clerck)

Nuctenea sclopetaria (Clerck) = Larinioides sclopetarius (Clerck)

Nuctenea undata (Olivier) = Larinioides sclopetarius (Clerck)

Nuctenea patagiata (Clerck) = Larinioides patagiatus (Clerck)

Nuctenea dumetorum (Villers) = Larinioides patagiatus (Clerck)

Nuctenea ocellatus (Clerck) = Larinioides patagiatus (Clerck)

p. 156 Araneus andrewsi Archer = Araneus andrewsi (Archer)

p. 157 Araneus solitarius (Emerton) = Araneus saevus (L. Koch)

 

Tetragnathidae

p. 160 Pachygnatha autumnalis Keyserling = Pachygnatha autumnalis Marx

Pachygnatha xanthostomata C. L. Koch = Pachygnatha xanthostoma C. L. Koch

p. 163 Arundignatha = Tetragnatha

 

Agelenidae

p. 165 Yorima angelica Roth = Family Dictynidae

Cybaeus reticulatus Simon = Family Cybaeidae

p. 166 Cryphoeca montana Emerton = Family Hahniidae

p. 167 Cicurina brevis (Emerton) = Family Dictynidae

Cicurina arcuata Keyserling = Family Dictynidae

Cicurina utahana Chamberlin = Family Dictynidae

Cicurina robusta Simon = Family Dictynidae

p. 170 Novalena intermedia Chamberlin & Gertsch = Novalena intermedia (Chamberlin & Gertsch)

p. 171 Hololena hola (Chamberlin & Gertsch) = Hololena hola (Chamberlin)

Wadotes hybridus (Emerton) = Family Amaurobiidae

Wadotes calcaratus (Keyserling) = Family Amaurobiidae

p. 172 Coras medicinalis (Hentz) = Family Amaurobiidae

Coras lamellosus (Keyserling) = Family Amaurobiidae

Coelotes montanus Emerton = Coelotes montanus (Emerton), Family Amaurobiidae

Coelotes juvenilis Keyserling = Coelotes juvenilis (Keyserling), Family Amaurobiidae

p. 173 Calymmaria cavicola (Banks) = Family Hahniidae

Calymmaria emertoni (Simon) = Family Hahniidae

Calymmaria californica (Banks) = Family Hahniidae

Pisauridae

p. 178 Pelopatis undulata (Keyserling) = Pisaurina undulata (Keyserling)

Dolomedes sexpunctatus Hentz = Dolomedes triton (Walckenaer)

 

Lycosidae

p. 183 Trabea aurantiaca (Emerton) = Trabeops aurantiaca (Emerton)

p. 184 Pirata piratica (Clerck) = Pirata piraticus (Clerck)

p. 185 Pirata maculatus Emerton = Pirata sedentarius Montgomery

p. 186 Tarentula aculeata (Clerck) = Alopecosa aculeata (Clerck)

Tarentula kochii Keyserling = Alopecosa kochi (Keyserling)

p. 188 Trochosa terricola (Thorell) = Trochosa terricola Thorell

Trochosa pratensis (Emerton) = Trochosa terricola Thorell

p. 194 Lycosa carolinensis Walckenaer = Hogna carolinensis (Walckenaer)

Lycosa aspersa Hentz = Hogna aspersa (Hentz)

Lycosa punctulata Hentz = Rabidosa punctulata (Hentz)

p. 195 Lycosa rabida Walckenaer = Rabidosa rabida (Walckenaer)

Lycosa helluo Walckenaer = Hogna helluo (Walckenaer)

Lycosa frondicola Emerton = Hogna frondicola (Emerton)

p. 196 Lycosa antelucana Montgomery = Hogna antelucana (Montgomery)

Lycosa lenta Hentz = Hogna lenta (Hentz)

Lycosa baltimoriana (Keyserling) = Hogna baltimoriana (Keyserling)

Lycosa gulosa Walckenaer = Gladicosa gulosa (Walckenaer)

 

Oxyopidae

p. 197 Peucetia abboti (Walckenaer) = Peucetia viridans (Hentz)

 

Gnaphosidae

p. 201 Gnaphosa californicus Banks = Gnaphosa californica Banks

p. 205 Herpyllus blackwalli (Thorell) = Scotophaeus blackwalli (Thorell)

Scotophaeus blackwalli = Scotophaeus blackwalli (Thorell)

Drassyllus virginianus Chamberlin = Drassyllus novus (Banks)

Drassyllus agilis (Bryant) = Trachyzelotes lyonneti (Audouin)

Zelotes rusticus (L. Koch) = Urozelotes rusticus (L. Koch)

Poecilochroa montana Emerton = Sergiolus montanus (Emerton)

p. 208 Poecilochroa capulata (Walckenaer) = Sergiolus capulatus (Walckenaer)

Poecilochroa variegatus (Hentz) = Sergiolus capulatus (Walckenaer)

Poecilochroa famula (Chamberlin) = Sergiolus minutus (Banks)

Poecilochroa decorata (Kaston) = Sergiolus decoratus (Kaston)

Poecilochroa ocellata (Walckenaer) = Sergiolus ocellatus (Walckenaer)

 

Clubionidae

p. 211 Micaria aurata (Hentz) = nomen dubium (see Micaria longipes Emerton)

Micaria longipes Emerton = Family Gnaphosidae

Micaria gertschi Barrows & Ivie = Family Gnaphosidae

p. 212 Micaria laticeps Emerton = Family Gnaphosidae

Trachelas tranquillus (Hentz) = Family Corinnidae

Trachelas ruber Keysering = Trachelas tranquillus (Hentz), Family Corinnidae

p. 213 Trachelas pacificus Chamberlin & Ivie = Family Corinnidae

Trachelas similis F. O. P.‑Cambridge = Family Corinnidae

Trachelas deceptus (Banks) = Meriola decepta Banks, Family Corinnidae

Strotarchus piscatoria (Hentz) = Strotarchus piscatorius (Hentz), Family Miturgidae

p. 214 Chiracanthium inclusum (Hentz) = Cheiracanthium inclusum (Hentz), Family Miturgidae

Chiracanthium mildei L. Koch = Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch, Family Miturgidae

p. 215 Clubiona tibialis Emerton = Clubiona maritima L. Koch

Clubiona abbotii L. Koch = Clubiona abboti L. Koch

p. 216 Clubionoides excepta (L. Koch) = Elaver excepta (L. Koch)

p. 217 Castianeira cingulata (C. L. Koch) = Family Corinnidae

Castianeira longipalpus (Hentz) = Castianeira longipalpa (Hentz), Family Corinnidae

Castianeira descripta (Hentz) = Family Corinnidae

p. 218 Castianeira occidens Reiskind = Family Corinnidae

Castianeira gertschi Kaston = Family Corinnidae

Castianeira amoena (C. L. Koch) = Family Corinnidae

p. 219 Agroeca emertoni Kaston = Family Liocranidae

Agroeca trivittata Keyserling = Agroeca trivittata (Keyserling), Family Liocranidae

Agroeca ornata Banks = Family Liocranidae

p. 220 Agroeca pratensis Emerton = Family Liocranidae

Liocranoides sober Chamberlin = Family Tengellidae

p. 221 Phrurotimpus alarius (Hentz) = Family Liocranidae

Phrurotimpus borealis (Emerton) = Family Liocranidae

Scotinella formica (Banks) = Family Liocranidae

Scotinella redempta (Gertsch) = Family Liocranidae

 

Anyphaenidae

p. 222 Aysha gracilis (Hentz) = Hibana gracilis (Hentz)

Aysha incursa (Chamberlin) = Hibana incursa (Chamberlin)

Aysha velox (Becker) = Hibana velox (Becker)

p. 223 Wulfila saltabunda (Hentz) = Wulfila saltabundus (Hentz)

Wulfila alba (Hentz) = Wulfila albens (Hentz)

p. 224 Teudis mordax (O. P.‑Cambridge) = Lupettiana mordax (O. P.‑Cambridge)

 

Ctenidae

p. 225 Anahita animosa (Walckenaer) = nomen dubium (see Anahita punctulata)

p. 226 Ctenus hibernalis (Hentz) = Ctenus hibernalis Hentz

 

Thomisidae

p. 230 Misumenoides aleatorius (Hentz) = Misumenoides formosipes (Walckenaer)

p. 231 Oxyptila conspurcata Thorell = Ozyptila conspurcata Thorell

Oxyptila distans Dondale & Redner = Ozyptila distans Dondale & Redner

Oxyptila monroensis Keyserling = Ozyptila monroensis Keyserling

Oxyptila americana Banks = Ozyptila americana Banks

Synema bicolor Keyserling = Xysticus alboniger Turnbull, Dondale & Redner

p. 232 Synema parvula (Hentz) = Synema parvulum (Hentz)

Synema varians (Walckenaer) = Synema parvulum (Hentz)

Coriarachne lenta (Walckenaer) = nomen dubium (see Bassaniana versicolor)

Coriarachne versicolor (Keyserling) = Bassaniana versicolor (Keyserling)

Coriarachne utahensis (Gertsch) = Bassaniana utahensis (Gertsch)

p. 233 Coriarachne floridana Banks = Bassaniana floridana (Banks)

p. 234 Xysticus transervatus (Walckenaer) = Xysticus ferox (Hentz)

Xysticus tumefactus (Walckenaer) = Xysticus funestus Keyserling

 

Philodromidae

p. 236 Ebo californicus Gertsch = Ebo californicus (Gertsch)

Philodromus abbottii Walckenaer = nomen dubium (see Philodromus marxi)

p. 236 Philodromus vulgaris Hentz = Philodromus vulgaris (Hentz)

 

Salticidae

p. 244 Habronattus coronatus (Hentz) = Habronattus coecatus (Hentz)

Synemosyna lunata (Walckenaer) = nomen dubium (see Synemosyna formica)

p. 247 Maevia vittata (Hentz) = Maevia inclemens (Walckenaer)

p. 248 Synageles noxiosa (Hentz) = Synageles noxiosus (Hentz)

p. 249 Ballus youngii G. & E. Peckham = Attidops youngi (G. & E. Peckham)

Agassa cerulea (Walckenaer) = nomen dubium (see Agassa cyanea)

p. 251 Tutelina similis = Tutelina similis (Banks)

Hentzia ambigua (Walckenaer) = Hentzia palmarum (Hentz)

p. 252 Metacyrba undata (De Geer) = Platycryptus undatus (De Geer)

p. 253 Corythalia aurata (Hentz) = Anasaitis canosa (Walckenaer)

p. 254 Zygoballus bettini G. & E. Peckham = Zygoballus rufipes G. & E. Peckham

p. 255 Thiodina iniquies (Walckenaer) = nomen dubium (see Thiodina sylvana)

p. 256 Phidippus variegatus = Phidippus audax (Hentz)

Phidippus rimator (Walckenaer) = nomen dubium (see Phidippus clarus)

p. 257 Phidippus cardinalis McCook = Phidippus cardinalis (Hentz)

Phidippus formosus = nomen dubium

p. 258 Phidippus opifex (McCook) = Phidippus octopunctatus (G. & E. Peckham)

p. 259 Eris marginata (Walckenaer) = Eris militaris (Hentz)

p. 260 Neon nellii G. & E. Peckham = Neon nelli G. & E. Peckham

Icius hartii Emerton = Tutelina harti (Emerton)

p. 261 Metaphidippus protervus (Walckenaer) = Pelegrina protervus (Walckenaer)

Metaphidippus galathea (Walckenaer) = Pelegrina galathea (Walckenaer)

p. 262 Metaphidippus aeneolus Curtis = Pelegrina aeneola (Curtis)

Metaphidippus insignis (Banks) = Pelegrina insignis (Banks)

Metaphidippus manni (G. & E. Peckham) = Metaphidippus mannii (G. & E. Peckham)

Metaphidippus flavipedes (G & E Peckham) = Pelegrina flavipedes (G & E Peckham)

p. 263 Metaphidippus exiguus (Banks) = Pelegrina exigua (Banks)

Metaphidippus flaviceps Kaston = Pelegrina flaviceps (Kaston)

p. 264 Metaphidippus canadensis (Banks) = Ghelna canadensis (Banks)

Metaphidippus tillandsiae Kaston = Pelegrina tillandsiae (Kaston)

p. 265 Lyssomanes viridis (Walckenaer) = Family Salticidae